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Visualisation of crime in the Normalization cinema
Škopková, Andrea ; Urban, Michal (advisor) ; Agha, Petr (referee)
67 Visualisation of crime in the Normalization cinema Abstract The thesis deals with the question to what extent and in what way the Czechoslovak Normalisation through state-controlled cinema influenced the portrayal of crime/criminality in crime and detective films. The present work attempts to capture the schemes and boundaries within which the dramaturgy of Czech film genre production moved during the so-called Normalisation. The work is based on comparing available data and studies on real crime with its filmic portrayal. The thesis includes a chapter devoted to interdisciplinary, especially sociological, contexts of researching crime and its reflection in society. Another part of the text includes the historical and legal-historical context of the topic under study and the transformations of criminal law. Together with a description of some selected motifs of the film narratives and with an assessment of the extent to which and in what ways selected criminological topics (e.g. recidivism, the problem of social pathologies) are reflected in contemporary professional literature (or statistics) and film, the thesis illustrates with specific examples the ways in which the ideology of Normalization may manifested itself in film productions primarily for the entertainment of the audience (the public). The...
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Guilt and responsibility in the context of criminal law: Discursive practices and strategies
Vávra, Martin ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Válková, Helena (referee) ; Večeřa, Miloš (referee)
The thesis deals with the ways political and expert (especially legal and criminological) discourses formulate and reproduce the meanings, assumptions and definitions constructing the man as a subject of criminal law, a subject responsible for his actions. It focuses on the ways the political domain (in particular, the lower and upper chambers of the Czech Parliament) and the scientific domain (in particular, legal science, criminology and psychiatry) form and formulate the opinions of "criminal law" and the ways these opinions are reflected in meanings embodied in criminal law itself. Methodologically, the thesis builds on critical discourse analysis. Put in plain language, what makes discourse significant is the oppression it brings upon us by defining what can be said about the world and how one can meaningfully act in it. Thus, it is not (only) a reflection of another, more real reality and it cannot be fully reduced to some other social phenomena. Therefore, by investigating discourse, one can identify the assumptions social actors build on and the argumentative frameworks they apply in discourse. The theory section formulates premises for the subsequent analysis of specific topics related to the formulation of "criminal" guilt and responsibility. After a short review of sociological...
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Formalism in Law
Brezina, Peter
The theme of this thesis is "formalism in law" as a concept that permeates an essential part of modern legal thinking. This work shows that it is usually perceived as a critical concept, but without a clear and steady meaning. In recent times, however, the discussion involving this concept changed so that it now includes individuals positively acknowledging themselves as formalists. An overview of this debate (only marginally concerning the Czech environment yet, however) forms the bulk of the thesis. The second essential part of it is a separate rethinking of the place of formalism in law, in all its aspects - in interpretation and application of law, in the creation of law, even in legal education and legal scholarship. This thesis consists of three unequal parts, the first of which is further divided into three sections. The first part deals with the formalism as a topic of discussion in legal philosophy during the entire 20th century, and the intention is to present this debate to Czech readers. Its first section is devoted to a topic typically linked to criticism of formalism in law in Western legal scholarship, as it presents the American legal realism of the interwar period. It shows it as a strong and visible culmination of earlier critical efforts visible on both sides of the Atlantic...
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Morality and Justice
Wagnerová, Anna ; Mucha, Ivan (advisor) ; Kosek, Jan (referee)
Anna Wagnerová Morálka a právo Abstract Ethics and law My thesis deals with the mutual relation between ethics and law from the perspective of sociology, ethics as a field of research and jurisprudence. So I created an outline of various views on the subject from the point of view of all three respective disciplines. The sociological view examines society in which the relation between specific ethical standards and legal norms take place, the ethical and philosophical perspective, which sees the law and morality question from the ethical point of view and view of jurisprudence whith its own understanding of the issue. The approache of sociology is beneficial in its effort to depict things as they are, not as they should be. Ethics and jurisprudence approach to the outside world from the normative perspectives, that are however derived from different sets of norms. The present thesis i divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents sociology as a scholar discipline, explains its relationship to law and jurisprudence and explains some basic sociological concepts, such as social group, social action and regulatory system. This defines the space where both legal and ethical standards are regulated. The following chapter deals with ethics, and presents the basic concepts of ethics and morals, and ethics...
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Guilt and responsibility in the context of criminal law : Discursive practices and strategies
Vávra, Martin ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Přibáň, Jiří (referee) ; Válková, Helena (referee)
The thesis deals with the ways political and expert (especially legal and criminological) discourses formulate and reproduce the meanings, assumptions and definitions constructing the man as a subject of criminal law, a subject responsible for his actions. It focuses on the ways the political domain (in particular, the lower and upper chambers of the Czech Parliament) and the scientific domain (in particular, legal science, criminology and psychiatry) form and formulate the opinions of "criminal law" and the ways these opinions are reflected in meanings embodied in criminal law itself. Methodologically, the thesis builds on critical discourse analysis. Put in plain language, what makes discourse significant is the oppression it brings upon us by defining what can be said about the world and how one can meaningfully act in it. Thus, it is not (only) a reflection of another, more real reality and it cannot be fully reduced to some other social phenomena. Therefore, by investigating discourse, one can identify the assumptions social actors build on and the argumentative frameworks they apply in discourse. The theory section formulates premises for the subsequent analysis of specific topics related to the formulation of "criminal" guilt and responsibility. After a short review of sociological approaches...
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Guilt and responsibility in the context of criminal law: Discursive practices and strategies
Vávra, Martin ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Válková, Helena (referee) ; Večeřa, Miloš (referee)
The thesis deals with the ways political and expert (especially legal and criminological) discourses formulate and reproduce the meanings, assumptions and definitions constructing the man as a subject of criminal law, a subject responsible for his actions. It focuses on the ways the political domain (in particular, the lower and upper chambers of the Czech Parliament) and the scientific domain (in particular, legal science, criminology and psychiatry) form and formulate the opinions of "criminal law" and the ways these opinions are reflected in meanings embodied in criminal law itself. Methodologically, the thesis builds on critical discourse analysis. Put in plain language, what makes discourse significant is the oppression it brings upon us by defining what can be said about the world and how one can meaningfully act in it. Thus, it is not (only) a reflection of another, more real reality and it cannot be fully reduced to some other social phenomena. Therefore, by investigating discourse, one can identify the assumptions social actors build on and the argumentative frameworks they apply in discourse. The theory section formulates premises for the subsequent analysis of specific topics related to the formulation of "criminal" guilt and responsibility. After a short review of sociological...
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Formalism in Law
Brezina, Peter ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee) ; Škop, Martin (referee)
The theme of this thesis is "formalism in law" as a concept that permeates an essential part of modern legal thinking. This work shows that it is usually perceived as a critical concept, but without a clear and steady meaning. In recent times, however, the discussion involving this concept changed so that it now includes individuals positively acknowledging themselves as formalists. An overview of this debate (only marginally concerning the Czech environment yet, however) forms the bulk of the thesis. The second essential part of it is a separate rethinking of the place of formalism in law, in all its aspects - in interpretation and application of law, in the creation of law, even in legal education and legal scholarship. This thesis consists of three unequal parts, the first of which is further divided into three sections. The first part deals with the formalism as a topic of discussion in legal philosophy during the entire 20th century, and the intention is to present this debate to Czech readers. Its first section is devoted to a topic typically linked to criticism of formalism in law in Western legal scholarship, as it presents the American legal realism of the interwar period. It shows it as a strong and visible culmination of earlier critical efforts visible on both sides of the Atlantic...
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